Diffusion dialysis is a membrane separation process suitable for the recovery of free acids and bases from electrolytic solutions or to selectively replace ions in such a solution. Spiraltec GmbH is the only company in the world offering spiral-wound membrane modules suitable for countercurrent flow operation.

Driving force of the separation process can be regarded to the concentration gradient between two different fluids. Mass transfer takes place from concentrated to diluted fluids. A selective membrane can be used to "extract" components from the concentrated fluid by increasing the resistance for other components.

For high recovery rates, feed solution (e.g. a mixture of acid and metal salts) and the deionized water are flowing in countercurrent mode, similar to a heat exchanger.

Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical water and wastewater treatment technique that utilizes metal electrodes to generate coagulants, which destabilize and remove contaminants from liquid streams. The process involves applying a direct current to the electrodes, leading to the formation of metal hydroxides that neutralize charges on particles and contaminants, and facilitate their aggregation.

Electrocoagulation offers versatility, effectiveness, and sustainability, with the ability to remove a wide range of pollutants while minimizing chemical usage and sludge production. It is a flexible and environmentally friendly technology suitable for various treatment applications.

Prefiltration plays an indispensable role in both chemical recovery processes, such as anodizing and steel pickling, and advanced filtration methods, such as nanofiltration.

In the realm of chemical recovery, prefiltration helps safeguard the integrity and efficiency of the process by eliminating larger impurities from the chemical mixtures, thus preventing potential damage to sensitive recovery equipment and enhancing the overall efficacy of the operation. In advanced filtration methods like nanofiltration, prefiltration proves essential in prolonging the life of the finer membranes, reducing system downtime due to fouling or clogging, and improving overall filtration performance.

By applying prefiltration techniques, such as microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF), industries can ensure the preservation of sensitive stages, reduce operational costs, and enhance the quality and consistency of the final output.